Antischistosomal Activity of Origanum majorana, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Salvia fruticosa Plant Extracts on Hamster Infected with Schistosoma haematobium

World Health Organization (WHO) has approved only one treatment for schistosomiasis, praziquantel (PZQ), but some poor efficacy was noticed in patients during the early stage of infection. Therefore, researchers have intensified their efforts to research new alternative medicines to treat schistosomiasis. In the present study, in vitro as well as in vivo studies have been accomplished to evaluate the effect of Origanum majorana , Ziziphus spina-christi , and Salvia fruticosa extracts in a different concentration 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25  μ g/ml on golden hamster infected by Egyptian strains of schistosome ( Schistosoma haematobium ). In vitro , the adult worms and schistosomula of S. haematobium were investigated in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hrs. The results showed that the concentration 500, 250, and 125  μ g/ml of Origanum majorana , and Ziziphus spina-christi caused dead of 100% of Egyptian Schistosoma strains of adult worm and schistosomula of S. haematobium within 6 to 12 hrs of incubation. On the other hand, the extract of Salvia fruticosa at concentrations 500, 250, and 125  μ g/ml showed death 100% parasites after 12 to 24 hrs of incubation. Inclusion, Origanum majorana , and Ziziphus spina-christi showed effectiveness against Egyptian Schistosoma strains ( S. haematobium ), a slight decrease in Salvia fruticosa was observed. Therefore, these medical plant extracts may be used as a safe and effective treatment for schistosomiasis.