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Background   The Nod-Like-Receptor-Protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathways are central mechanisms of the inflammatory response in myocardial reperfusion injury. Expanding our knowledge about the inflammasome signaling axis is important to improve treatment options. In a cross-sectional study, we aimed to study presence, localization, and genetic expression of inflammasome- and IL-6- signaling-related proteins in coronary thrombi and circulating leukocytes from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, with relation to myocardial injury and time from symptoms to PCI.Methods   Intracoronary thrombi were aspirated from 33 STEMI patients. Blood samples were drawn. mRNA of Toll-Like-Receptor-4 (TLR4), NLRP3, caspase 1, Interleukin-1 β  (IL1- β ), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-6, IL-6-receptor (IL-6R), and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) were isolated from thrombi and circulating leukocytes and relatively quantified by RT-PCR. A part of each thrombus was embedded in paraffin for histology and immunohistochemistry analyses.Results   Genes encoding the 8 markers were present in 76-100% of thrombi. Expression of TLR4 in thrombi significantly correlated to troponin T ( r  = 0.455,  p  = 0.013), as did NLRP3 ( r  = 0.468,  p  = 0.024). Troponin T correlated with expression in circulating leukocytes of TLR4 ( r  = 0.438,  p  = 0.011), NLRP3 ( r  = 0.420,  p  = 0.0149), and IL-1 β  ( r  = 0.394,  p  = 0.023). IL-6R expression in thrombi correlated significantly to troponin T ( r  = 0.434,  p  = 0.019), whereas gp130 was inversely correlated ( r  = −0.398,  p  = 0.050). IL-6 in circulating leukocytes correlated inversely to troponin T ( r  = −0.421,  p  = 0.015). There were no significant correlations between genes expressed in thrombi and time from symptom to PCI.Conclusions   The inflammasome signaling pathway was actively regulated in coronary thrombi and in circulating leukocytes from patients with STEMI, in association with myocardial damage measured by troponin T. This supports the strategy of medically targeting this pathway in treating myocardial infarction and contributes to sort out optimal timing and targets for anti-inflammatory treatment. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identification number  NCT02746822 .

The Inflammasome Signaling Pathway Is Actively Regulated and Related to Myocardial Damage in Coronary Thrombi from Patients with STEMI