Observation of Spin Reorientation Transitions in Lead and Titanium‐Modified BiFeO3 Multiferroics

We report the synthesis and basic characterization details of bulk Bi1 − xPbxFe1 − xTixO3 (x = 0.05 and 0.1) polycrystalline samples, which have been synthesized using the conventional solid-state route. We studied the effects of partially doping of Pb and Ti ion on structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties of multiferroic BiFeO3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for crystallographic studies, followed by Rietveld refinement, and phase formation of the compounds was confirmed, which indicates that the sample has rhombohedral (R3c, 100%) symmetry for x = 0.05 and R3c (98%) + P4mm (2%) symmetry for x = 0.1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been probed at Fe L2,3 and O K edges to determine the valence (charge) state of Fe in BiFeO3. Interestingly, the magnetic measurement results revealed the existence of spin reorientation transition in Pb and Ti-modified BiFeO3, which indicates that the BiFeO3 samples studied may find promising applications in memory and spintronic devices.