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Phyllanthus urinaria  has been characterized for its several biological and medicinal effects such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunoregulation. In recent years,  Phyllanthus urinaria  has demonstrated potential to modulate the activation of critical pathways such as NF- κ B, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs associated with cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptotic cell death. To date, there is much evidence indicating that modulation of cellular signaling pathways is a promising approach to consider in drug development and discovery. Thus, therapies that can regulate cancer-related pathways are longed-for in anticancer drug discovery. This review's focus is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the anticancer mechanisms of  Phyllanthus urinaria  through the regulation of NF- κ B, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs signaling pathways. Thus, the review summarizes both in vitro and in vivo effects of  Phyllanthus urinaria  extracts or bioactive constituents with emphasis on tumor cell apoptosis. The literature information was obtained from publications on Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. The key words used in the search were “ Phyllanthus”  or “ Phyllanthus urinaria”  and cancer.  P. urinaria  inhibits cancer cell proliferation via inhibition of NF- κ B, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, P38) pathways to induce apoptosis and prevents angiogenesis. It is expected that understanding these fundamental mechanisms may help stimulate additional research to exploit  Phyllanthus urinaria  and other natural products for the development of novel anticancer therapies in the future.

A Review: Mechanism of Phyllanthus urinaria in Cancers—NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs Signaling Activation