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Objective   To observe and compare the analgesic effects of oxycodone, pentazocine, and ketorolac tromethamine pre-emptive analgesia on gynecological laparoscopic patients after operation and the effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.Methods   A total of 64 patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery in Yiwu Central Hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into four groups ( n  = 16). Before anesthesia induction, oxycodone (group A), pentazocine (group B), ketorolac tromethamine (group C), and normal saline (group D) were, respectively, administered. Patients' mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) changes, visual analogue scale (VAS), Bruggemann comfort scale (BCS), serum tumor necrosis factor- α  (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose (CLU), serum cortisol level, postoperative adverse reactions, and additional analgesia were recorded at each time point.Results   The MAP levels of T2 (immediate intubation), T3 (immediate catheter removal), and T4 (5 min after catheter removal) in the four groups were higher than those of T1 (quiescent state), and the HR levels T2, T3, and T4 were lower than those of T1 ( P  < 0.05). The MAP and HR levels of T2, T3, and T4 in patients of groups A, B, and C were lower than those of group D in the same period ( P  < 0.05). The VAS and BCS scores of groups A, B, and C at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after operation were better than those of group D at the same time, and the scores of group A at 1 h and 6 h after operation were better than those of groups B and C at the same time ( P  < 0.05). The levels of serum TNF- α , IL-6, and CRP in the four groups of patients at 6, 12, and 24 h after operation were higher than those before operation, but those in groups A, B, and C were lower than those in group D, and those in group A were higher than those in groups B and C at 12 h and 24 h after operation ( P  < 0.05). The CLU and serum cortisol levels in the four groups were significantly higher at 6, 12, and 24 h after operation, but those in groups A, B, and C were lower than those in group D, and those in group A were lower than those in groups B and C at 6 and 12 h after operation ( P  < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions within 24 h between the four groups ( P  > 0.05). The incidence of additional analgesia in groups A, B, and C was lower than that in group D ( P  < 0.05).Conclusion   Oxycodone, pentazocine, and ketorolac tromethamine are effective and safe in inhibiting postoperative pain and the generation of inflammatory factors and relieving inflammatory state in gynecological laparoscopic pre-emptive analgesia. Oxycodone has better postoperative analgesic effect because it can effectively alleviate stress reaction.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Efficacy of Different Preemptive Analgesia on Postoperative Analgesia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Response after Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery