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Objective   Genetic factors play an important role in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This case-control study was to determine the association between childhood ASD and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3746599 in the  DUSP15  gene, rs7794745 in the  CNTNAP2  gene, and rs251379 in the  PCDHA  gene in a Chinese Han population.Methods   Genotypes of SNPs were examined in DNA extracted from blood cells from 201 children with ASD and 200 healthy controls. The Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to evaluate the severity of the disease and language impairment. The relationship between SNPs and the risk of ASD or the severity of the disease was determined by logistic regression and one-way ANOVA.Results   The genotype G/G of rs3746599 in the  DUSP15  gene was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ASD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42-0.99,  P  = 0.0449). The T allele of rs7794745 in the  CNTNAP2  gene was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.77,  P  = 0.0435). The SNP rs251379 was not associated with ASD. Though none of the SNPs examined were associated with ASD severity, rs7794745 was associated with severity of language impairment.Conclusions   Our findings suggest that both rs3746599 in the  DUSP15  gene and rs7794745 in the  CNTNAP2  gene are associated with risk of childhood ASD, and rs7794745 is also related to the severity of language impairment in autistic children from a Chinese Han population.

Association between Genetic Variants in DUSP15, CNTNAP2, and PCDHA Genes and Risk of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder