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Background   Different parts of  Brucea antidysenterica  are used in traditional and alternative medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of different health problems including malaria and have good  in vitro  antimalarial activity. However, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate the claim. Our study planned to determine the antimalarial effect of  B. antidysenterica  extract.Methods   Swiss albino mice (6–8 weeks old, 20–28 g) were inoculated with  Plasmodium berghei . Different doses of both hydromethanolic extract and chloroform fraction were orally given at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day.Results   The parasitemia suppression percent of hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction in chemosuppressive tests ranged between 33.48 and 75.93% and 38.32 and 76.64%, respectively. The hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited the curative effect of 46.75–70.91% and 50.30–80.06% parasitemia suppression, respectively ( p  < 0.001), compared with negative control.Conclusion   From our study, it is concluded that the hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of  B. antidysenterica  leaves showed promising antiplasmodial effects against  Plasmodium berghei . This upholds the folkloric use of  B. antidysenterica  leaves and the thought of as a possible source to develop new antimalarial agents.

Antimalarial Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Chloroform Fraction of Brucea antidysenterica Leaves in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice