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Background   Granulocyte-monocyte apheresis has been proposed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, although it is limited by costs and variability of results.Aim   To assess effectiveness of granulocyte-monocyte apheresis in patients with steroid-dependent, azathioprine-intolerant/resistant moderate ulcerative colitis.Methods   Consecutive patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled, treated by apheresis, and followed up for 12 months. The primary end point of the study was steroid-free clinical remission at 12 months, with no need for biologic therapy or surgery.Results   From January to December 2013, 33 patients were enrolled. After one year of follow-up, 12 (36%) patients had clinical remission, were steroid-free, and had no need for biological therapy or surgery; 3 (9%) cases showed a clinical response (but not clinical remission). Moreover, 12 (36%) patients required biologic therapy, 4 (12%) underwent colectomy, and in the other 2 (6%) a reduction, but not withdrawal, of steroid dose was achieved.Conclusions   Our study shows that a standard course of granulocyte-monocyte apheresis is associated with a 36% steroid-free clinical remission in patients with steroid-dependent, azathioprine-intolerant or resistant moderate ulcerative colitis. Apheresis might represent an alternative to biologic therapy or surgery in this specific subgroup of patients. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrial.gov  NCT03189888 .

Granulocyte-Monocyte Apheresis in Steroid-Dependent, Azathioprine-Intolerant/Resistant Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Multicenter Study