The Monitoring and Assessment of Aquatic Toxicology

Chemicals, including inorganic chemicals (nanoparticles, heavy metals, and other chemicals) and organic chemicals (pesticides, POPS, PBDEs, and other organic chemicals), are widely used in the world in recent 30 years to support the rapid development of industrialization and agriculture. The extensive use and discharge of these chemicals in these processes will produce wastewater containing a variety of contaminants, and the aquatic environment pollution will induce aquatic toxicology and may impair biological communities. However, due to the lack of target specificity, these chemicals can cause severe and persistent toxic effects on nontarget aquatic species, including bacteria, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Nowadays, knowledge and understanding of these conditions have led to the development of new monitoring, analysis, and assessment technologies based on biological and chemical methods. Therefore, it is very important to introduce these new methods to readers, which may include the characteristics of water pollutions, sampling techniques, chemical analysis methods, transport and transformation of chemicals, monitoring and assessment of aquatic toxicology, and the use of wastewater and other quality water.