Lipid Peroxidation Products in Human Health and Disease 2016

Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases. The process of lipid peroxidation can be initiated by a variety of oxidants, including H 2 O 2 , superoxide, and the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals during pathological conditions or exposure to xenobiotics and environmental pollutants. Lipid peroxidation can alter vital membrane protein structure and function, and if unchecked, it could lead to cellular dysfunction and widespread tissue damage. Despite multiple studies showing that uncontrolled and excessive production of lipid peroxidation products during oxidative stress are the main cause of various disease complications, the mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation products regulate oxidative, immune, and inflammatory responses remain unclear. Therefore, understanding the role of various lipid peroxidation products in mediation of oxidative and inflam-matory signaling is potentially important in developing better therapeutic strategies. In the series of special issues, we are continuously highlighting the significant role of lipid peroxidation products in human health and disease. The 3 review articles published in this issue discussed how oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products are involved in various pathological conditions. An excellent and informative review article by S. Q. Rodríguez-Lara et al. described the relationship between oxidative stress and ische-mia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions. Specifically, they discussed how current pharmaceutical and mechanical interventions for I/R, although promising, cannot be used in all patients. Further, the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the I/R has been exclusively discussed and suggested possible antioxidative stress therapeutic regimens in the treatment of I/R lesions. Another review article by J. Schroter and J. Schiller described the significance of chlorinated phospholipids as biomarkers of oxidative stress in various inflammatory diseases. Specifically, authors have nicely discussed the formation of chlorinated phospholipids, interaction with cellular biomolecules, and their involvement in various pathological conditions including atherosclerosis and arthritis. Most importantly, authors have discussed various mass spectrometry and chromato-graphic and immunological methods for the analysis of chlo-rinated phospholipids. Z. Qiao et al. in their review article discussed how dysfunctional autophagy is involved in the disease vitiligo by altering the redox homeostasis in the melano-cytes. In this review, authors carefully discussed how oxida-tive stress and lipid oxidation could be involved in the patho-physiology of vitiligo. Further, they discussed how autophagy is regulated by the oxidative stress and its involvement in the melanocyte destruction leading to the vitiligo complication. The review articles in this special issue provide widespread information on the …