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A noncoherent low-frequency ultrasonic (LFU) communication system is proposed for near-field communication using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) speakers and microphones. Since the LFU communication channel is known to be a frequency-selective characteristic, the proposed system is basically designed by differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation with forward error correction. In addition, automatic gain control of the carrier frequency band over the LFU communication channel is proposed. Then, in order to optimize the symbol length of the proposed LFU communication system under a realistic aerial acoustic channel, a propagation model of the LFU communication channel is proposed by incorporating aerial acoustic attenuation. The performance of the proposed LFU communication system is demonstrated on two different tasks: bit error rate (BER) measurement and successful transmission rate (STR) comparison with Google Tone for various distances between the transmitter and the receiver. Consequently, the proposed method can operate without a bit error at a distance of 8 m under various noise conditions with sound pressure level of 80 dB. Moreover, the proposed method achieves higher STR than Google Tone on a task of URL transmission using two laptops.

Noncoherent Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Communication System with Optimum Symbol Length