Natural Active Ingredients for Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders Treatment

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic global disease affecting children and adolescents in developed as well as developing countries. Diabetes type I and type II are the major types of diabetes mellitus. The former is an autoimmune disorder, leading to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and thus inadequate production of insulin. The latter arises from reduced sensitivity to insulin in the target tissues (i.e., skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue) and later on insufficient insulin secretion. In both cases, the common result is sustained hyperglycemia. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia over time leads to deteriorating blood vessels supplying the body organs, leading to heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves system damage. For instance, macrovascular (atherosclerotic) and microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients [1]. We can appreciate then that diabetes is not a single disease but rather a combination of metabolic disorders [2].