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Background . Limited data exist regarding endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoactive contributor in vascular tone, in a population subjected to early vascular deterioration. We compared ET-1 levels and explored its association with markers of arterial stiffness in black and white South Africans.  Methodology . This cross-sectional substudy included 195 black (men:  n  = 99; women:  n  = 95) and 197 white (men:  n  = 99; women:  n  = 98) South Africans. Serum ET-1 levels were measured as well as markers of arterial stiffness (blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and arterial compliance). ET-1 levels were higher in black men and white women compared to their counterparts after adjusting for C-reactive protein. In both single and partial (adjusting for body mass index and gamma glutamyl transferase) regression analyses ET-1 correlated with age, interleukin-6, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse wave velocity in black women. In multivariate regression analyses the independent association of ET-1 with systolic blood pressure (Adj.  R   2  = 0.13;  β  = 0.28,  p  < 0.01) and pulse pressure (Adj.  R   2  = 0.11;  β  = 0.27,  p  < 0.01) was confirmed in black women only. ET-1 additionally associated with interleukin-6 in black women ( p  < 0.01).  Conclusion . Our result suggests that ET-1 and its link with subclinical arteriosclerosis are potentially driven by low-grade inflammation as depicted by the association with interleukin-6 in the black female cohort.

The Association of Endothelin-1 with Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Black South African Women: The SABPA Study