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Cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) are endemic in Morocco. They are common in the human population in different localities such as Aichoun in Sefrou province, Morocco. This study was carried out in Aichoun locality from April to October 2012 in order to study the spatiotemporal trends of the main  Leishmania  phlebotomine vectors in this focus. Overall, 1171 sand flies, belonging to four species, were collected by sticky traps.  Phlebotomus sergenti  was the predominant species (78.4%) followed by  Ph. perniciosus  (10.5%),  Ph. papatasi  (7.94%), and  Ph. longicuspis  (3.16%). Sandflies were active during 6 months (May–October).  Ph. sergenti, Ph. perniciosus , and  Ph. papatasi  displayed a bimodal distribution with a first peak in July and a second peak in September, while  Ph. longicuspis  showed a monophasic trend with a peak in August. The high abundance and the lengthy period of activity of  Ph. sergenti  and  Ph. perniciosus , vectors of  L. tropica  and  L. infantum , respectively, are a cause for concern as they indicate the high potential risk of  Leishmania  transmission in the studied areas.

Leishmaniasis in Central Morocco: Seasonal Fluctuations of Phlebotomine Sand Fly in Aichoun Locality, from Sefrou Province