High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Controlling with All-Dielectric Huygens’ Metasurfaces

Subwavelength dielectric blocks with varying thicknesses are introduced to realize 0∼2π phase change. A Huygens’ metasurface composed of such nonuniform building blocks is shown to efficiently refract normally incident waves in a broadband. According to the same physical mechanism, we fabricate an electrically thin lens with concentric subwavelength dielectric blocks and integrate it with a patch antenna to form a three-dimensional (3D) ultra-low-profile lens antenna system. Full-wave simulation demonstrates the lens antenna’s excellent performances in high directivity, broadband, low loss, and low side-lobe levels