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We aimed to determine the current prevalence of four  P. falciparum  candidate artemisinin resistance biomarkers L263E, E431K, A623E, and S769N in the  pfatpase6  gene in a high transmission area in Tanzania in a retrospective cross sectional study using 154 archived samples collected from three previous malaria studies in 2010, 2011 and 2013. Mutations in  pfatpase6  gene were detected in parasite DNA isolated from Dried Blood Spots by using PCR-RFLP. We observed overall allelic frequencies for L263E, E431K, A623E, and S769N to be 5.8% (9/154), 16.2% (25/154), 0.0% (0/154), and 3.9% (6/154). The L263E mutation was not detected in 2010 but occurred at 3.9% and 2.6% in 2011 and 2013 respectively. The L263E mutation showed a significant change of frequency between 2010 and 2011, but not between 2011 and 2013 ( P  < 0.05). Frequency of E431K was highest of all without any clear trend whereas S769N increased from 2.2% in 2010 to 3.6% in 2011 and 5.1% in 2013. A623E mutation was not detected. The worrisome detection and the increase in the frequency of S769N and other mutations calls for urgent assessment of temporal changes of known artemisinin biomarkers in association with  in vivo  ACT efficacy.

malaria research and treatment

Occurrence of<i>pfatpase6</i>Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Artemisinin Resistance among Field Isolates of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>in North-Eastern Tanzania

Occurrence ofpfatpase6Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Artemisinin Resistance among Field Isolates ofPlasmodium falciparumin North-Eastern Tanzania