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Based on Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain structure homology, we detected a previously uncharacterized gene encoding for a TIR domain containing protein (Tcp) in the genome of  Enterococcus faecalis . We assigned this gene the name  tcpF  (as in Tcp of  E. faecalis ). Screening of  E. faecalis  samples revealed that  tcpF  is more common in isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) than in human faecal flora.  tcpF  alleles showed moderate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among UTI isolates. Infection of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages with a  tcpF  knock-out mutant led to elevated cytokine response compared to the isogenic wild type  E. faecalis  strain.  In silico  analysis predicted significant tertiary structure homology to the TIR domain of human TLR1 (TLR1-TIR). When transiently expressed in cultured eukaryotic cells, TcpF caused suppression of TLR2-dependent NF- κ B activation suggesting for TcpF a role as a factor in  E. faecalis  that benefits colonization by modulating the host's immune responses.

international journal of microbiology

The TIR Domain Containing Locus of<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>Is Predominant among Urinary Tract Infection Isolates and Downregulates Host Inflammatory Response

The TIR Domain Containing Locus ofEnterococcus faecalisIs Predominant among Urinary Tract Infection Isolates and Downregulates Host Inflammatory Response