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Genetic variations in TGF- β  and IFN- γ  may interfere with proinflammatory cytokine production and, consequently, may be involved with inflammatory diseases, as acute kidney injury (AKI). We considered that genetic polymorphisms of these cytokines may have a crucial role in the outcome of critically ill patients. To investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of rs1800470 (codon 10 T/C), rs1800471 (codon 25 C/G) from the TGF- β , and rs2430561 (+874 T/A) from IFN- γ  may be a risk factor for ICU patients to the development of AKI and/or death. In a prospective nested case-control study, were included 139 ICU patients who developed AKI, 164 ICU patients without AKI, and 244 healthy individuals. We observed a higher frequency to T/A genotype for IFN- γ  (intermediate producer phenotype) and higher frequency of TT GG and TC GG genotype (high producer) for TGF- β  polymorphism in overall population. However, these polymorphisms have not been shown as a predictor of risk for AKI and death. We found an increased prevalence of high and intermediate producer phenotypes from TGF- β  and IFN- γ , respectively, in patients in ICU setting. However, the studied genetic polymorphism of the TGF- β  and IFN- γ  was not associated as a risk factor for AKI or death in our population.

Frequency of TGF-βand IFN-γGenotype as Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Death in Intensive Care Unit Patients