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It is important to develop functional transmucosal implant surfaces that reduce the number of initially adhering bacteria and they need to be modified to improve the anti-bacterial performance. Commercially pure Ti sheets were anodized in an electrolyte containing ethylene glycol, distilled water and ammonium fluoride at room temperature to produce TiO 2  nanotubes. These structures were then annealed at 450°C to transform them to anatase. As-annealed TiO 2  nanotubes were then treated in an electrolyte containing 80.7 g/L NiSO 4   · 7H 2 O, 41 g/L MgSO 4   · 7H 2 O, 45 g/L H 3 BO 3 , and 1.44 g/L Ag 2 SO 4  at 20°C by the application of 9 V AC voltage for doping them with silver. As-annealed TiO 2  nanotubes and as-annealed Ag doped TiO 2  nanotubes were evaluated by SEM, FESEM, and XRD. Antibacterial activity was assessed by determining the adherence of  A. actinomycetemcomitans ,  T. forsythia , and  C. rectus  to the surface of the nanotubes. Bacterial morphology was examined using an SEM. As-annealed Ag doped TiO 2  nanotubes revealed intense peak of Ag. Bacterial death against the as-annealed Ag doped TiO 2  nanotubes were detected against  A. actinomycetemcomitans ,  T. forsythia , and  C. rectus  indicating antibacterial efficacy.

Antibacterial Activity of As-Annealed TiO2Nanotubes Doped with Ag Nanoparticles against Periodontal Pathogens

Antibacterial Activity of As-Annealed TiO₂Nanotubes Doped with Ag Nanoparticles against Periodontal Pathogens