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Type 1 diabetes is recognized as an autoimmune inflammatory disease and low grade inflammation is also observed in type 2 diabetic patients. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a new player in inflammation. Th17 cells, as the main source of IL-17, require transforming growth factor   β   (TGF-  β  ) and interleukin 23 (IL-23). The aim of this study was to investigate serum IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-  β   levels in diabetic patients and controls. In this case-control study, serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-  β   were measured in 24 type 1 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls using the ELISA method. Simultaneously, the same methodology was used to compare serum concentration of these three cytokines in 38 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls. There was no significant difference between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines between cases and controls. However, TGF-  β   was significantly lower in type 1 diabetic patients ( P  < 0.001). Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels demonstrate no association with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but, in line with previous studies, TGF-  β   levels were lower in type 1 diabetic patients.

Serum IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-βLevels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls