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American cutaneous leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of clinical forms localized cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which can be caused by different strains of  Leishmania  belonging to the  L. mexicana  or  L. braziliensis  complexes which may coexist in the same endemic area. We evaluated the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for direct identification of  Leishmania  species in 163 clinical samples and 21 Mexican isolates of  Leishmania . In relation to the Mexican isolates of  Leishmania  52% displayed a pattern similar to the  L. (L.) mexicana , 5% showed a mixed pattern compatible with  L. (L.) mexicana  and  L. (V.) braziliensis , eight with  L. (L.) amazonensis  and  L. (L.) mexicana , and one to  L. (V.) braziliensis . Most of the clinical samples, 109/116 (94%), gave a pattern similar to that of the  L. mexicana , two clinical samples gave similar patterns to that of  Leishmania  braziliensis, and 5 samples gave patterns that suggest a coinfection of  L. (L.) mexicana  and  L. (V.) braziliensis  or  L. (L.) mexicana  and  L. (L.) amazonensis . The ITS1 PCR-RFLP assay is a multipurpose tool for diagnosis of  Leishmania  from clinical samples and enables determination of the infecting species of New World  Leishmania  in the field in relatively short time and low cost.

interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization of<i>Leishmania</i>in Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization ofLeishmaniain Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast