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Emergence and spread of pandemic strains of  Vibrio parahaemolyticus  have drawn attention to make detailed study on their genomes. The pathogenicity of  V. parahaemolyticus  has been associated with thermostable-direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). The present study evaluated characteristics of  tdh  and  trh  genes, considering the phylogenetic and  in silico  functional features of  V. parahaemolyticus  and other bacteria. Fifty-two  tdh  and  trh  genes submitted to the GenBank were analyzed for sequence similarity. The promoter sequences of these genes were also analyzed from transcription start point to −35 regions and correlated with amino acid substitution within the coding regions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that  tdh  and  trh  are highly distinct and also differ within the  V. parahaemolyticus  strains that were isolated from different geographical regions. Promoter sequence analysis revealed nucleotide substitutions and deletions at −18 and −19 positions among the pandemic, prepandemic, and nonpandemic  tdh  sequences. Many amino acid substitutions were also found within the signal peptide and also in the matured protein region of several TDH proteins as compared to TDH-S protein of pandemic  V. parahaemolyticus . Experimental evidences are needed to recognize the importance of substitutions and deletions in the  tdh  and  trh  genes.

biomed research international

Phylogenetic andIn SilicoFunctional Analyses of Thermostable-Direct Hemolysin andtdh-Related Encoding Genes inVibrio parahaemolyticusand Other Gram-Negative Bacteria