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To clarify the role of serum soluble T cell regulatory molecules in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), we measured the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3), and soluble cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) in 70 CCRCC patients and 35 healthy controls. We investigated correlations between the serum levels of these soluble T cell regulatory molecules and the pathological grade, clinical stage, and prognosis of CCRCC. We also assessed the relations among each of these soluble molecules. As a result, the serum level of sIL-2R was significantly higher in CCRCC patients than in healthy controls ( P  < 0.05). In addition, elevation of serum sIL-2R was significantly correlated with the clinical stage ( P  < 0.001), and the survival of patients with high sIL-2R levels was shorter than that of patients with low sIL-2R levels ( P  < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum level of sB7-H3 was also significantly correlated with the clinical stage ( P  < 0.05), while the sIL-2R and sB7-H3 levels showed a positive correlation with each other ( R  = 0.550,  P  < 0.0001). These results indicate that the serum level of sIL-2R reflects tumor progression in CCRCC patients. In addition, the possibility was suggested that the IL-2/IL-2R and B7-H3 pathways may be involved in the progression of CCRCC.

Clinical Significance of Serum Soluble T Cell Regulatory Molecules in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma