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Aim.  A case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence of  G. lamblia ,  Cryptosporidium , spp and  E. histolytica/dispar  in diarrheal children at Yirgalem Hospital from February 2011 to August.  Subjects and Methods.  A total of 230 children participated in the study of which 115 (50%) were cases and 115 (50%) were controls. A single stool sample was collected and examined by direct saline wet mount, formol-ether concentration, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen.  Results.  Eighty-four (36.52%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasites (57 (49.56%) from diarrheal children and 27 (23.47%) out of nondiarrheal children). The prevalence of  G. lamblia , Cryptosporidium spp, and  E. histolytica/dispar  was 15.65%, 9.56%, and 4.35% in children with diarrhea and 1.74%, 5.21%, and 1.74% in those without it, respectively.  Cryptosporidium  spp and  E. histolytica/dispar  revealed higher infection in males (10.81% and 5.4%, resp.) than in females (7.32% and 2.43%, resp.).  G. lamblia  infection was higher in females (29.27%) than in males (8.11%).  Cryptosporidium  spp infection was higher in the age groups of ≤4 years old (53.84%). Significant difference was seen between 10 and 13 (7.69%) years old. Higher prevalence of  E. histolytica/dispar  was found in 5–9 years (85.71%) than ≤4 years old (14.28%).  Conclusion. Cryptosporidium  spp,  E. histolytica/dispar , and  G. lamblia  were higher in children with diarrhea than in those without it.

Intestinal Protozoal Parasites in Diarrheal Children and Associated Risk Factors at Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study