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Background . Hypertension is an established risk factor for small-vessel cerebral stroke and the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure. We aimed at evaluating the contribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism to the risk of small-vessel stroke in south Indian population.  Materials and Methods . We investigated 128 patients diagnosed with small-vessel stroke and 236 age, and gender-matched healthy controls.  ACE  I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction.  Results . Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the patient group and was associated with 6-fold increase in risk for stroke.  ACE  genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. Prevalence of DD, ID, and II genotypes in cases (34.4%, 43.7%, and 28%) did not differ significantly from controls (31.8%, 43.2%, and 25%). The polymorphism was not associated with small-vessel stroke (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.52–1.55). However, diastolic blood pressure was associated with the  ACE  I/D genotypes in the patients. (DD; 90.2 ± 14.2> ID; 86.2 ± 11.9> II; 82.3 ± 7.8 mm Hg,   P  = 0.047).  Conclusion . Our study showed that hypertension, but not  ACE  I/D polymorphism, increased the risk of small-vessel stroke.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Small Vessel Cerebral Stroke in Indian Population