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Dioscorea  tuber phytoextracts can confer immunomodulatory activities  ex vivo  and improve regeneration of bone marrow cells  in vivo . In present study, we evaluated specific  Dioscorea  phytoextracts for use  ex vivo  as a bone-marrow-derived dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccine adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Fractionated  Dioscorea  extracts (DsII) were assayed for their effect on maturation and functions of DC  ex vivo  and antimelanoma activity of DC-based vaccine  in vivo . The phytoextract from 50–75% ethanol-precipitated fraction of  Dioscorea alata  var.  purpurea  Tainung no. 5 tuber, designated as DsII-TN5, showed a strong augmentation of tumor cell lysate- (TCL-) loaded DC-mediated activation of T-cell proliferation. DsII-TN5 stimulated the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and IL-1  β   in TCL-loaded DCs and downregulated the expression of TGF-  β  1. DC vaccines prepared by a specific schema (TCL (2 h) + LPS (22 h)) showed the strongest antitumor activity. DsII-TN5 as a DC vaccine adjuvant showed strong antimelanoma activity and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population in tested mice. DsII-TN5 can also activate DCs to enhance Th1- and Th17-related cytokine expressions. Biochemical analysis showed that DsII-TN5 consists mainly of polysaccharides containing a high level (53%) of mannose residues. We suggest that DsII-TN5 may have potential for future application as a potent, cost-effective adjuvant for DC-based cancer vaccines.

SpecificDioscoreaPhytoextracts Enhance Potency of TCL-Loaded DC-Based Cancer Vaccines