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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a large role in the pathogenesis of AMD. The present study was to evaluate the effects of  Fructus lycii  ethanol extract on AMD in mice and to investigate whether combination of lutein and zeaxanthin, two carotenoid pigments in  Fructus lycii , could protect human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )  in vitro . We found that severe sediment beneath retinal pigment epithelium and thickened Bruch membrane occurred in AMD mice. However,  Fructus lycii  ethanol extract improved the histopathologic changes and decreased the thickness of Bruch membrane. Furthermore, the gene and protein expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C was upregulated in AMD mice but was eliminated by  Fructus lycii  ethanol extract. Investigations   in vitro  showed that ARPE-19 cell proliferation was suppressed by H 2 O 2 . However, lutein/zeaxanthin not only stimulated cell proliferation but also abrogated the enhanced expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in H 2 O 2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. These data collectively suggested that  Fructus lycii  ethanol extract and its active components lutein/zeaxanthin had protective effects on AMD  in vivo  and   in vitro , providing novel insights into the beneficial role of  Fructus lycii  for AMD therapy.

journal of ophthalmology

Efficacy of Ethanol Extract ofFructus lyciiand Its Constituents Lutein/Zeaxanthin in Protecting Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells against Oxidative Stress:In VivoandIn VitroModels of Age-Related Macular Degeneration