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Fatsia polycarpa , a plant endemic to Taiwan, is an herbal medicine known for treating several inflammation-related diseases, but its biological function needs scientific support. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the methanolic crude extract (MCE) of  F. polycarpa  and its feature constituents, that is, brassicasterol (a phytosterol), triterpenoids 3  α  -hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (HODA), 3  α  -hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13  β  -olide (HOEO), fatsicarpain D, and fatsicarpain F, were investigated. MCE and HOEO, but not brassicasterol, dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-)induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophage line, whereas HODA, fatsicarpain D and fatsicarpain F were toxic to RAW cells. Additionally, MCE and HOEO suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , and interleukin-1  β   and interfered with LPS-promoted activation of the inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-  κ  B (NF-  κ  B) pathway, and that of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. In animal tests, MCE and HOEO effectively ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate- (TPA-)induced ear edema of mice. Thus, MCE of  F. polycarpa  exhibited an obvious anti-inflammatory activity  in vivo  and  in vitro  that likely involved the inhibition of the IKK/NF-  κ  B pathway and the MAPKs, which may be attributed by triterpenoids such as HOEO.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms ofFatsia polycarpaHayata and Its Constituents