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A sol-gel method based on the Pechini process was used to synthesize different phases of alumina nanoparticles using a polymeric precursor with Aluminum nitrate.  The  emphasis  was  on investigating  the effect of two different complexing agents, urea and citric acid, on the structural properties, particle size, and phase transformation during the heat treatment that was studied by XRD, TEM, SEM, BET, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that particles do get fused together at high temperatures, and also the size of particles increases with the increase of annealing temperature. It was concluded that the size of α-alumina synthesized by urea was 10–15 nm, whereas the sample with citric acid yielded α-powder with particle size of 200 nm. Also, the resulting powder prepared by urea exhibited larger surface area (84.2 m2/gm−1) compared to citric acid (39.92 m2/gm−1) at

advances in materials science and engineering

Comparison of Urea and Citric Acid Complexing Agents and Annealing Temperature Effect on the Structural Properties of - and -Alumina Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method