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An algorithm is developed for footstep, vehicle, and rain detection using seismic sensors operating in a wireless sensor network. Each standalone seismic sensor is coupled with a wireless node, and alarm conditions were evaluated at the sensor rather than at the gateway. The algorithm utilizes slow and quick adaptive thresholds to eliminate static and dynamic noise to check for any disturbance. Duration calculation and filters were used to identify the correct alarm condition. The algorithm was performed on preliminary field tests, and detection performance was verified. Footstep alarm condition up to 8 meters and vehicle presence alarm condition up to 50 meters were observed. Presence of rain did not create any alarm condition. Detection based on kurtosis was also performed and shortcomings of kurtosis especially for vehicle detection were discussed, proposed algorithm has minimal load on the sensor board and its data processing unit; thus, it is energy efficient and suitable for wireless sensor alarm networks.

Footstep and Vehicle Detection Using Slow and Quick Adaptive Thresholds Algorithm