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PLAC1  (Placenta-Specific 1) is a recently described, trophoblast-expressed gene essential for normal placental development. The protein localizes to the microvillus membrane surface of the syncytiotrophoblast in direct proximity to the maternal compartment. Although its role has not been defined, increased circulating levels of human  PLAC1  mRNA in maternal blood are associated with preeclampsia. Furthermore,  PLAC1 -null mice exhibit decreased viability in the peripartum period suggesting a role in pregnancy maintenance late in gestation. We examined  PLAC1  gene expression in the human placenta during normal pregnancy and pregnancies associated with maternal diabetes and preeclampsia using quantitative, real time PCR (q-RT-PCR). Although there was no apparent difference in  PLAC1  gene expression among human pregnancies complicated by diabetes or preeclampsia, an unexpected effect of labor was noted at term.  PLAC1  expression in placentae delivered vaginally following induced or spontaneous labor was significantly reduced compared to placentae not exposed to labor making it one of only a few placental genes influenced by labor. The significance of this finding is unknown. Viewed in the context of its importance in placental development, however, these findings are consistent with a role for  PLAC1  in the maintenance of the maternal-fetal interface.

PLAC1 Expression Decreases in Chorionic Villi in Response to Labor