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The standardized methanol extracts of  Phyllanthus amarus  and  P. urinaria , collected from Malaysia and Indonesia, and their isolated chemical markers, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, were evaluated for their effects on the chemotaxis, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of human phagocytes. All the plant extracts strongly inhibited the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with the Malaysian  P. amarus  showing the strongest inhibitory activity (IC 50  value, 1.1   µ  g/mL). There was moderate inhibition by the extracts of the bacteria engulfment by the phagocytes with the Malaysian  P. amarus  exhibiting the highest inhibition (50.8% of phagocytizing cells). The Malaysian  P. amarus  and  P. urinaria  showed strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory activity, with both extracts exhibiting IC 50  value of 0.7   µ  g/mL. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin exhibited relatively strong activity against PMNs chemotaxis, with IC 50  values slightly lower than that of ibuprofen (1.4   µ  g/mL). Phyllanthin exhibited strong inhibitory activity on the oxidative burst with an IC 50  value comparable to that of aspirin (1.9   µ  g/mL). Phyllanthin exhibited strong engulfment inhibitory activity with percentage of phagocytizing cells of 14.2 and 27.1% for neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. The strong inhibitory activity of the extracts was due to the presence of high amounts of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin although other constituents may also contribute.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Inhibitory Effects of Standardized Extracts of<i>Phyllanthus amarus</i>and<i>Phyllanthus urinaria</i>and Their Marker Compounds on Phagocytic Activity of Human Neutrophils

Inhibitory Effects of Standardized Extracts ofPhyllanthus amarusandPhyllanthus urinariaand Their Marker Compounds on Phagocytic Activity of Human Neutrophils