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Yersinia enterocolitica  is a foodborne pathogen that causes illness in humans and animals. The biotype 4/O:3 has been commonly associated with yersiniosis and is characterized by the presence of chromosomal and extra-chromosomal virulence genes. Molecular typing methods have been successfully used to characterize  Y. enterocolitica  genetic heterogeneity and to study the epidemiology of the bacteria from different origins. In this study, 320  Y. enterocolitica  biotype 4/O:3 isolates originating in pigs and slaughterhouses were characterized according to the virulence profile, and 61 isolates were typified through SE-AFLP, ERIC-PCR, and PFGE techniques. The majority of the isolates originated from pigs, and the predominant virulence profile was  ail +  virF +  rfbC +  ystA +, representing 83.4% of the tested isolates. All of the  Y. enterocolitica  4/O:3 isolates were positive for at least  ystA  gene. The SE-AFLP and ERIC-PCR patterns were highly homogeneous. The SE-AFLP was more discriminative than the ERIC-PCR and tended to cluster isolates according to the slaughterhouse. Despite the limited genetic diversity of  Y. enterocolitica  4/O:3, PFGE was shown to be the most discriminative technique considering one band of difference. Fattening pigs proved to be an important reservoir of  Y. enterocolitica  biotype 4/O:3 carrying virulence genes.

Genotypic Characterization ofYersinia enterocoliticaBiotype 4/O:3 Isolates from Pigs and Slaughterhouses Using SE-AFLP, ERIC-PCR, and PFGE