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Agaricus blazei  Murill is an edible and medicinal mushroom. In the previous study, we have proved that extracts of  A. blazei  inhibit human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Currently, we purified 4-hydroxy-17-methylincisterol ( 4-HM ; C 21 H 33 O 3 ) from  A. blazei  investigated its regulatory effects on cytokine productions and cell proliferation of PBMC induced by PHA. The results indicated that  4-HM  suppressed, in activated PBMC, the production and mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-  α  , and interferon-  γ   in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition was not related to cell viability. While  4-HM  did not affect ERK phosphorylation and its downstream  c-fos  gene expression in PBMC induced by PHA, it decreased both NF-AT and NF-  κ  B activation. The upstream signaling of NF-AT and NF-  κ  B, intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i ), and protein kinase C theta (PKC   θ  ) activation in PHA-treated PBMC were reduced by  4-HM . The data demonstrated that the suppressant effects of  4-HM  on cell proliferation in PBMC activated by PHA appeared to be mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Ca 2+  mobilization and PKC   θ   activation, NF-AT and NF-  κ  B activation, and cytokine transcripts and productions of PBMC. We suggested that  A. blazei  contained a potential immunomodulator  4-HM .

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

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4-Hydroxy-17-methylincisterol fromAgaricus blazeiDecreased Cytokine Production and Cell Proliferation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells via Inhibition of NF-AT and NF-κB Activation