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We note that the cost function of the MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithm is quadratic in an array vector and that itcan be expressed in a least squares form. Based on this observation, we present a rigorous Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) formulation of the MUSIC algorithm for simultaneous estimation of an azimuth and an elevation. We show a convergence property and compare the performance of the LM-based MUSIC algorithm with that of the standard MUSIC algorithm via Monte-Carlo simulation. We also compare the performance of the MUSIC algorithm with that of the Capon algorithm both for the standard implementation and for the LM-based implementation

Application of the Levenberg-Marquardt Scheme to the MUSIC Algorithm for AOA Estimation