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Porphyromonas gingivalis  sheds outer membrane vesicles that contain several virulence factors, including adhesins. In this study, we investigated the ability of  P. gingivalis  outer membrane vesicles to mediate the coaggregation and piggybacking of  Treponema denticola  and  Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum . Marked coaggregation between  T. denticola  and  L. saburreum  occurred in the presence of  P. gingivalis  outer membrane vesicles. Sucrose was an effective chemoattractant for the motile species  T. denticola . The addition of outer membrane vesicles to a mixture of  T. denticola  and  L. saburreum  significantly increased the number of nonmotile bacteria that migrated into a sucrose-filled capillary tube immersed in the bacterial mixture. Under optimal conditions, the number of nonmotile  L. saburreum  in the capillary tube increased approximately 5-fold, whereas no increase occurred when boiled vesicles were used. This study showed that  P. gingivalis  outer membrane vesicles mediate coaggregation between  T. denticola  and  L. saburreum  and that nonmotile bacteria can be translocated by piggybacking on spirochetes.

international journal of dentistry

Porphyromonas gingivalisOuter Membrane Vesicles Mediate Coaggregation and Piggybacking ofTreponema denticolaandLachnoanaerobaculum saburreum