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We investigated the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMFs) and 17-  β  -estradiol on connexins (Cxs), integrins (Ints), and estrogen receptor (ER) expression, as well as on ultrastructure of trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. HF-EMF, 17-  β  -estradiol, and their combination induced an increase of Cx40 and Cx43 mRNA expression. HF-EMF decreased Int alpha1 and   β  1 mRNA levels but enhanced Int alpha5 mRNA expression. All the Ints mRNA expressions were increased by 17-  β  -estradiol and exposure to both stimuli. ER-  β   mRNA was reduced by HF-EMF but augmented by 17-  β  -estradiol alone or with HF-EMF. ER-  β   immunofluorescence showed a cytoplasmic localization in sham and HF-EMF exposed cells which became nuclear after treatment with hormone or both stimuli. Electron microscopy evidenced a loss of cellular contact in exposed cells which appeared counteracted by 17-  β  -estradiol. We demonstrate that 17-  β  -estradiol modulates Cxs and Ints as well as ER-  β   expression induced by HF-EMF, suggesting an influence of both stimuli on trophoblast differentiation and migration.

17-β-Estradiol Counteracts the Effects of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Trophoblastic Connexins and Integrins