Energy-Efficient Adaptive Geosource Multicast Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

We propose an energy-efficient adaptive geosource multicast routing (EAGER) for WSNs. It addresses the energyand scalability issues of previous location based stateless multicast protocols in WSNs. EAGER is a novel stateless multicastprotocol that optimizes location-based and source-based multicast approaches in various ways. First, it uses the receiver's geographiclocation information to save the cost of building a multicast tree. The information can be obtained during the receiver's membershipestablishment stage without flooding. Second, it reduces packet overhead, and in turn, energy usage by encoding with a small sizednode ID instead of potentially large bytes of location information and by dynamically using branch geographic information for commonsource routing path segments. Third, it decreases computation overhead at each forwarding node by determining the multicast routingpaths at a multicast node (or rendezvous point (RP)). Our extensive simulation results validate that EAGER outperforms existingstateless multicast protocols in computation time, packet overhead, and energy consumption while maintaining the advantages ofstateless protocols