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Radiation-resistant bacteria have garnered a great deal of attention from scientists seeking to expose the mechanisms underlying their incredible survival abilities. Recent analyses showed that the resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in the archaeon  Halobacterium salinarum  is dependent upon Mn-antioxidant complexes responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by radiation. Here we examined the role of the compatible solutes trehalose, mannosylglycerate, and  di-myo-inositol  phosphate in the radiation resistance of aerobic and anaerobic thermophiles. We found that the IR resistance of the thermophilic bacteria  Rubrobacter xylanophilus  and  Rubrobacter radiotolerans  was highly correlated to the accumulation of high intracellular concentration of trehalose in association with Mn, supporting the model of Mn 2+ -dependent ROS scavenging in the aerobes. In contrast, the hyperthermophilic archaea  Thermococcus gammatolerans  and  Pyrococcus furiosus  did not contain significant amounts of intracellular Mn, and we found no significant antioxidant activity from mannosylglycerate and di- myo -inositol phosphate  in vitro . We therefore propose that the low levels of IR-generated ROS under anaerobic conditions combined with highly constitutively expressed detoxification systems in these anaerobes are key to their radiation resistance and circumvent the need for the accumulation of Mn-antioxidant complexes in the cell.

Role of Mn2+and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea

Role of Mn²⁺and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea