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Diarrheic food poisoning by bacteria of the  Bacillus cereus  group is mostly due to several toxins encoded in the genomes. One of them, cytotoxin K, was recently identified as responsible for severe necrotic syndromes. Cytotoxin K is similar to a class of proteins encoded by genes usually annotated as haemolysin II ( hlyII ) in the majority of genomes of the  B. cereus  group. The partially sequenced genome of  Bacillus thuringiensis  var  israelensis  ATCC35646 contains several potentially induced prophages, one of them integrated into the  hlyII  gene. We determined the complete sequence and established the genomic organization of this prophage-designated phIS3501. During induction of excision of this prophage with mitomycin C, intact  hlyII  gene is formed, thus providing to cells a genetic ability to synthesize the active toxin. Therefore, this prophage, upon its excision, can be implicated in the regulation of synthesis of the active toxin and thus in the virulence of bacterial host. A generality of selection for such systems in bacterial pathogens is indicated by the similarity of this genetic arrangement to that of  Staphylococcus aureus     β -haemolysin.

Sequence Analysis of Inducible Prophage phIS3501 Integrated into the Haemolysin II Gene of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis ATCC35646