Infective Endocarditis with Multiple Mycotic Aneurysms Mimicking Vasculitis: A Case Report

The manifestation of infective endocarditis often resembles vasculitis. Approximately one in five infective endocarditis cases are referred initially to a nephrologist because of abnormal renal function or abnormal urinalysis; therefore, infection should be ruled out before diagnosing vasculitis. A case involving a patient with infective endocarditis who presented with migrating skin lesions, renal infarction and multiple pseudoaneurysms is reported. Echocardiography revealed mitral valve vegetation and viridans streptococci were identified in peripheral blood cultures. Although mitral valve annuloplasty and an aneurysm ligation operation were performed with proper antibiotic treatment, the remaining mycotic aneurysm progressed and caused neurological complications. The patient was cured completely after reoperation.