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Error-prone DNA synthesis in prokaryotes imparts plasticity to the genome to allow for evolution in unfavorable environmental conditions, and this phenomenon is termed adaptive mutagenesis. At a molecular level, adaptive mutagenesis is mediated by upregulating the expression of specialized error-prone DNA polymerases that generally belong to the Y-family, such as the polypeptide product of the  dinB  gene in case of  E. coli . However, unlike  E. coli , it has been seen that expression of the homologs of  dinB  in  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  are not upregulated under conditions of stress. These studies suggest that DinB homologs in  Mycobacteria  might not be able to promote mismatches and participate in adaptive mutagenesis. We show that a representative homolog from  Mycobacterium smegmatis  (MsDpo4) can carry out template-dependent nucleotide incorporation and therefore is a DNA polymerase. In addition, it is seen that MsDpo4 is also capable of misincorporation with a significant ability to promote G:T and T:G mismatches. The frequency of misincorporation for these two mismatches is similar to that exhibited by archaeal and prokaryotic homologs. Overall, our data show that MsDpo4 has the capacity to facilitate transition mutations and can potentially impart plasticity to the genome.

MsDpo4—a DinB Homolog fromMycobacterium smegmatis—Is an Error-Prone DNA Polymerase That Can Promote G:T and T:G Mismatches