Epstein-Barr-Virus-Positive B-Cell Lymphoma of Recipient Origin Despite of the Elimination of Clonally EBV-Infected T Cells by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Chronic Active EBV Infection

A 20-year-old patient with chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) received peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from HLA-one-locus-mismatched mother. Although EB-virus-infected T cells were eliminated after PBSCT, she developed EB-virus-positive B-cell lymphoma of recipient origin in the brain. By reducing the immunosuppressive therapy, the initial lesion disappeared. However, another lesion in the opposite lateral brain appeared later and was resistant to further reduction of immunosuppressive therapy. EBV-DNA was persistently negative after PBSCT in the peripheral blood. This case is suggestive in management of EBV reactivation after SCT and understanding alloimmune response to EBV.