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The essential oil produced from the seed of  Anethum graveolens  L. (Umbelliferae) was tested  in vitro  and  in vivo  anti- Candida  activity. The microbroth dilution method was used in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), according to M27-A3 of the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). And then, efficacy evaluation of essential oil in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental vaginal candidiasis was performed in immunosuppressed mice. The anti- Candida  activity was analyzed by microbiological and histological techniques and was compared with that of fluconazole (FCZ). The results showed essential oil was active  in vitro  against all tested strains, with MICs ranging  from 0.312  μ L/mL (for  C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei ) to 0.625  μ L/mL (for 6 isolated  C. albicans  strains). Essential oil (2% v/v) was highly efficacious in accelerating  C. albicans  09-1555 clearance from experimentally infected mice vagina by prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments. In both therapeutic efficacy and prophylaxis studies, the histological findings confirmed the microbiological results. The experimental results revealed that the tested essential oil is effective against vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice.

In VitroandIn VivoActivities of Essential Oil from the Seed ofAnethum graveolensL. againstCandidaspp.