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Objective . To determine if supplementation of protein and amino acids (PAA) decreases skeletal muscle expression of atrophy-related genes, muscle mass, and strength during immobilization in humans.  Methods . Twenty males wore a lower-limb immobilization boot for 28 days and consumed either a PAA supplement (28 g protein) or carbohydrate placebo (28 g maltodextrose), while consuming their normal daily diet. Testing sessions included dietary analysis, lower-leg girth and body composition measurements, strength testing, and gastrocnemius muscle biopsies. Muscle was analyzed for mRNA expression of markers in the ubiquitin and calpain systems, myostatin, TNF-  α  , and NF-  κ  B.  Results . All genes of interest increased over time ( P  < .05), but there was no difference between groups. Lower-leg girth decreased over time ( P  = 0.02); however, there were no significant changes in body composition or strength.  Conclusion . Short-term lower-limb disuse, despite the absence of significant muscle atrophy, is associated with increases in skeletal muscle gene expression of several proteolysis-related genes. These changes do not appear to be altered by oral PAA supplementation.

Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation Does Not Alter Proteolytic Gene Expression following Immobilization