English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The biological effects of only a finite number of tobacco toxins have been studied. Here, we describe exposure of cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells to low concentrations of tobacco carcinogens: nickel sulphate, benzo(b)fluoranthene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). After a 24-hour exposure,  EGFR  was expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm,  BCL-2  was expressed only in the irregular nuclei of large atypical cells,  MKI67  was expressed in nuclei with no staining in larger cells, cytoplasmic  BIRC5  with stronger nuclear staining was seen in large atypical cells, and nuclear  TP53  was strongly expressed in all cells. After only a 24-hour exposure, cells exhibited atypical nuclear and cytoplasmic features. After a 48-hour exposure,  EGFR  staining was localized to the nucleus,  BCL-2  was slightly decreased in intensity,  BIRC5  was localized to the cytoplasm, and  TP53  staining was increased in small and large cells.  BCL2L1  was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells at 24- and 48-hour exposures. We illustrate that short-termexposure of a bronchial epithelial cell line to smoking-equivalent concentrations of tobacco carcinogens alters the expression of key proliferation regulatory genes,  EGFR, BCL-2, BCL2L1, BIRC5, TP53 , and  MKI67 , similar to that reported in biopsy specimens of pulmonary epithelium described to be preneoplastic lesions.

Short-Term Exposure to Tobacco Toxins Alters Expression of Multiple Proliferation Gene Markers in Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cultures