Obesity and Breast Cancer: The Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1

Breast cancer is the most prominent cancer among females in the United States. There are a number of risk factors associated with development of breast cancer, including consumption of a high-fat diet and obesity. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a cytokine upregulated in obesity whose expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. As a key mediator of adipogenesis and regulator of adipokine production, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR- γ ) is involved in PAI-1 expression from adipose tissue. We summarize the current knowledge linking PPAR- γ and PAI-1 expression to high-fat diet and obesity in the risk of breast cancer.