Development of Silicon Photonics Devices Using Microelectronic Tools for the Integration on Top of a CMOS Wafer

Photonics on CMOS is the integration of microelectronics technology and optics components to enable either improved functionality of the electronic circuit or miniaturization of optical functions. The integration of a photonic layer on an electronic circuit has been studied with three routes. For combined fabrication at the front end level, several building blocks using a silicon on insulator rib technology have been developed: slightly etched rib waveguide with low (0.1 dB/cm) propagation loss, a high speed and high responsivity Ge integrated photodetector and a 10 GHz Si modulators. Next, a wafer bonding of silicon rib and stripe technologies was achieved above the metallization layers of a CMOS wafer. Last, direct fabrication of a photonic layer at the back-end level was achieved using low-temperature processes with amorphous silicon waveguide (loss 5 dB/cm), followed by the molecular bonding of InP dice and by the processing in microelectronics environment of InP sources and detector.