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Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was hydrated in 0.2-60 mM solution of CaCl2 in heavy water and thor- oughly homogenized by freezing-thawing process. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) shows formation of unilamellar vesicles in the range 1-60 mM of CaCl2. From the Kratky-Porod plot ln(I(Q)Q 2 )v s.Q 2 of SANS intensity I(Q) in the range of scattering vectors Q corresponding to the interval 0.001 A −2 Q 2 0.006 A −2 , the vesicle bilayer radius of gyration Rg and the bilayer thickness parameter dg were obtained. The structure of the bilayer displays different behavior for the gel phase and the liquid-crystalline phase: In the gel phase (at 20 ◦ C), the values of dg indicate nonlinear changes in the lipid bilayer thickness, with a maximum at ∼ 5m M CaCl 2. In the liquid-crystalline phase (at 60 ◦ C), the parameter of the lipid bilayer thick- ness dg = 43.2 ± 0.3 A is constant within the concentration range 1 cCa 40 mM. Vesicles prepared at 60 mM CaCl2 show within experimental error, the same values of dg as pure DPPC unilamellar vesicles prepared by extrusion using polycarbonate

Formation of unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles promoted by Ca2+ions: A small-angle neutron scattering study

Formation of unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles promoted by Ca²⁺ions: A small-angle neutron scattering study