The Identity of three Fabrician Chrysidid Species (Hymenoptera)

As part of a world revision of the family Chrysididae it has beennecessary to borrow or study in situ as many of the oldest types aspossible because of potential confusion about their identity. Thespecies described by Fabricius represent a particular problem. Henamed many of the commonest European species, as well as otherless common ones. Although the majority of Fabrician type specimensare still extant, it is clear that the chrysidid types were neverseen by most later workers. In several instances the Fabrician specieswas assumed to be one thing when in fact it belonged to anentirely different genus. One example of this was Chrysis festivaFabricius, which has always been considered a Pentachrysis, orChrysis with 5 apical abdominal teeth (Mocsáry 1889, Dalla Torre1892, Bischoff 1913). However, festiva is actually a species of Parhopes,as discussed by Kimsey (1987). The three species below presentsimilar problems